After over 20 years in management consulting, I have observed that workplaces tend to become either islands of happiness or islands of toxicity — and the deciding factor is usually the leader's relational style. In this article, I explore leadership through the lens of attachment theory and examine an uncomfortable but important implication for organisations: leadership selection ultimately matters more than leadership training.

In this article, I argue that behavioural change is not merely a psychological process. It is also a biological one.

Under stress, people tend to revert to their most established patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving, which are hardwired in their neural pathways.

Sustainable change requires repeated practice until new patterns become sufficiently established to compete with older, more familiar responses.